Q1. What is a key aim of true sustainable development according to the presentation?

A. Optimum use of natural resources with minimum wastage B. Maximum use of non-renewable resources C. Maximum generation of toxic by-products D. Rapid consumption of natural resources

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation defines true sustainable development in terms of optimum resource use, high reusability, minimum wastage, least toxic by-products and maximum productivity.

Q2. Which of the following is an important component of sustainable development?

A. Only industrial development B. Environmental protection C. Only population growth D. Only economic profit

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation identifies economic development, community development and environmental protection as important components of sustainable development.

Q3. Which approach is specifically intended to educate people and change attitudes towards nature?

A. Population control B. Nuclear energy C. Environmental awareness D. Urban sprawl

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation lists environmental awareness as an approach to sustainable development and says it educates people about environmental protection and changes attitudes towards nature.

Q4. Which practice best represents the 3R principle?

A. Repair, Replace and Remove B. Recover, Refine and React C. Reduce, Refuel and Rebuild D. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation explicitly gives the 3R principle as Reduce–Reuse–Recycle and notes that it helps control pollution.

Q5. Appropriate technology for sustainable development should primarily be:

A. Eco-friendly, low-cost and locally suitable B. Highly expensive and imported C. Designed to maximize waste generation D. Independent of local conditions

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Appropriate technology is described as eco-friendly, low-cost and locally suitable, using fewer resources and creating less waste.

Q6. What does the biocapacity in the ecological-footprint concept represent?

A. The total population of a city B. Nature's ability to provide resources and absorb waste C. Only the amount of industrial waste D. The number of protected species

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The ecological-footprint figure in the presentation describes biocapacity as nature's ability to provide resources and absorb waste.

Q7. If ecological footprint exceeds Earth's biocapacity, the situation is described as:

A. Ecological surplus B. Zero population growth C. Ecological deficit D. Water neutrality

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation's ecological-footprint diagram states that when current ecological footprint is greater than Earth's biocapacity, an ecological deficit occurs.

Q8. What is urbanization as defined in the presentation?

A. Movement of people from urban areas to forests B. Expansion of agricultural land into villages C. Reduction of city population D. Movement of human population from rural areas to urban areas

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Urbanization is defined as movement of human population from rural areas to urban areas for better education, communication, health and employment.

Q9. What is meant by urban sprawl?

A. Spreading of cities into suburban or rural areas B. Concentration of all activities in the city center C. Reduction of urban land area D. Movement of industries from cities to ports only

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Urban sprawl is the spreading of cities into suburban or rural areas as urban growth becomes difficult to accommodate within limited areas.

Q10. Which action is recommended to reduce urban energy demand?

A. Increase use of private cars B. Use public transportation instead of individual motorcycles and cars C. Keep all electrical appliances operating continuously D. Avoid solar and wind energy

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation recommends minimizing energy consumption and using public transportation instead of individual motorcycles and cars.

Q11. What is the original source of water identified in the presentation?

A. Groundwater B. Rivers C. Precipitation from the atmosphere D. Oceans

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation states that the original source of water is precipitation from the atmosphere.

Q12. What is water conservation?

A. Using water as quickly as possible B. Diverting all water to industries C. Preventing all agricultural water use D. Saving water for future utilization

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Water conservation is defined in the presentation as the process of saving water for future utilization.

Q13. Which factor is identified as a reason for increasing water requirements?

A. Increase in population B. Decrease in population C. Decrease in industrial activity D. Elimination of agriculture

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation states that as population increases, the requirement for water also increases.

Q14. Which irrigation practice is shown as a strategy for reducing irrigation losses?

A. Irrigating only at noon B. Sprinkling and drip irrigation C. Flooding fields continuously D. Leaving irrigation channels open

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The water-conservation diagram identifies sprinkling and drip irrigation as methods that conserve irrigation water.

Q15. Which practice helps prevent wastage of water?

A. Keeping taps open B. Ignoring leaking pipes C. Closing taps when not in use and repairing leaks D. Discharging sewage into rivers

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation lists closing taps when not in use and repairing pipe leakage under prevention of water wastage.

Q16. What is the main purpose of the flush component in a rainwater-harvesting system?

A. To store all harvested water B. To transport water to the roof C. To increase evaporation D. To flush out the first spell of rain

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation states that the flush is used to remove the first spell of rain before water proceeds through the system.

Q17. Which component transports harvested water from the catchment to the recharge zone?

A. Conveyance system B. Filter C. Flush D. Tank cover

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The conveyance system is described as transporting harvested water from the catchment to the recharge zone.

Q18. Which is a method of rainwater harvesting suitable for urban houses and buildings?

A. Deep-sea disposal method B. Roof-top method C. Industrial discharge method D. Open sewage method

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation identifies rooftop rainwater harvesting as a low-cost and effective technique for urban houses and buildings.

Q19. Which is an objective of rainwater harvesting?

A. Increase soil erosion B. Lower the water table C. Raise the water table by groundwater recharge D. Increase saline-water intrusion

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: One stated objective is to raise the water table through groundwater recharge.

Q20. According to the presentation, if a population grows at 2% annually, its approximate doubling time is:

A. 20 years B. 50 years C. 70 years D. 35 years

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation gives the formula Td = 70/r. For r = 2%, the doubling time is 70/2 = 35 years.

Q21. Which combination is identified as contributing to population explosion?

A. Low death rate and high birth rate B. High death rate and low birth rate C. Low life expectancy and low birth rate D. Declining medical facilities and reduced food production

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation attributes population explosion mainly to decreased death rate and increased birth rate, supported by improved medical facilities and other advances.

Q22. Which statement about HIV is supported by the presentation?

A. HIV strengthens CD4 cells B. HIV attacks helper T (CD4) cells and weakens the immune system C. HIV is transmitted by sharing ordinary food D. HIV survives indefinitely on dry surfaces

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation explains that HIV attacks and destroys helper T cells (CD4 cells), weakening the body's defense against infections and cancers.

Q23. Which statement best describes the purpose of watershed management?

A. Only construction of large dams B. Only extraction of groundwater C. Integrated and sustainable use of land, water and vegetation within a watershed D. Conversion of all watershed land to urban areas

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation defines watershed management as integrated planning and sustainable use of land, water and vegetation to conserve resources and protect downstream ecosystems.

Q24. Which is an important objective of resettlement and rehabilitation?

A. Increase displacement and social disruption B. Remove housing and basic amenities C. Prevent affected people from participating in decisions D. Protect vulnerable groups such as tribals, women and poor communities

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The R&R objectives include minimizing displacement, fair compensation, livelihood restoration, basic amenities, social inclusion and protection of vulnerable groups.

Q25. Which R&R component includes skill development, employment and financial support?

A. Livelihood restoration B. Land acquisition only C. Boundary demarcation D. Wildlife monitoring

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation lists skill development, employment and financial support under livelihood restoration.

Q26. What is climate?

A. The atmospheric condition at a particular minute B. The average weather condition of an area over a long period C. Only daily rainfall D. Only wind speed during storms

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation defines climate as the average weather or general weather condition and seasonal variation of a region over a long period.

Q27. Which gas is identified in the presentation as the most important greenhouse gas?

A. Oxygen B. Nitrogen C. Carbon dioxide D. Hydrogen

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation lists several greenhouse gases and identifies CO2 as the most important greenhouse gas.

Q28. Why do greenhouse gases warm the lower atmosphere?

A. They block all sunlight from entering B. They convert oxygen into nitrogen C. They remove all water vapour D. They absorb infrared radiation emitted by the Earth

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: According to the presentation, sunlight reaches the surface, which emits infrared radiation; greenhouse gases absorb this radiation, warming the surface and lower atmosphere.

Q29. What is a database according to the presentation?

A. A collection of interrelated data arranged systematically B. A device used only for rainwater storage C. A protected wildlife area D. A type of greenhouse gas

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation defines a database as a collection of interrelated data on various objects arranged systematically in a computer.

Q30. Which statement about HIV testing is given in the presentation?

A. Symptoms always appear immediately B. Testing is the only way to know whether a person has HIV infection C. A person can confirm HIV infection without testing D. AIDS is diagnosed only from body temperature

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation states that the only way to know HIV infection is through testing and that many infected people may have no symptoms for years.

Q31. Why is normal rainwater slightly acidic according to the presentation?

A. Because nitrogen is completely soluble in rain B. Because all rain contains sulfuric acid C. Because carbon dioxide dissolves in rainwater D. Because ozone is absent

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Normal rainwater is described as slightly acidic, around pH 5–5.6, because atmospheric CO2 dissolves in it.

Q32. Which pollutants are mainly associated with acid-rain formation in the presentation?

A. O2 and H2 B. CO and He C. N2 and Ar D. SO2 and NO2

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation states that SO2 and NO2 lower rainwater pH and form acids such as H2SO4 and HNO3.

Q33. Which monument is specifically mentioned as being affected by acid-rain-related pollution?

A. Taj Mahal B. Gateway of India C. Charminar D. India Gate

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation specifically notes the Taj Mahal in Agra as suffering from SO2 and H2SO4 fumes.

Q34. Where is ozone highly concentrated to form the ozone layer?

A. Troposphere only B. Stratosphere C. Hydrosphere D. Lithosphere

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation places the ozone layer mainly in the stratosphere, approximately 10–50 km above sea level.

Q35. What important radiation is filtered by the ozone layer?

A. Microwaves B. Radio waves C. UV-B radiation D. Visible green light

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation states that ozone protects life from damaging UV radiation and specifically filters UV-B radiation.

Q36. Which is an effect of ozone-layer depletion mentioned in the presentation?

A. Reduced UV exposure at Earth's surface B. Complete elimination of cataracts C. Increased phytoplankton everywhere D. Increased risk of skin cancer

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation associates increased UV exposure with skin cancer and eye problems such as cataracts.

Q37. Which statement correctly describes a major nuclear-accident pathway mentioned in the presentation?

A. Improper disposal can allow radioactive waste to leak into water, land and air B. Radioactive waste becomes harmless immediately after burial C. Nuclear accidents release only ordinary dust D. Transport accidents cannot involve radioactive materials

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation identifies improper disposal, including leaking underground containers, and transport accidents as possible sources of radioactive contamination.

Q38. What is meant by nuclear winter?

A. A seasonal winter caused by normal rainfall B. Cooling caused by atmospheric soot after nuclear explosions C. Warming caused by increased sunlight D. Cooling caused by increased evaporation

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation explains that soot from nuclear explosions can block radiation, reduce evaporation and cause cooling, termed nuclear winter.

Q39. What is waste land according to the presentation?

A. Land that is always highly productive B. Only land covered by water C. Land that is unused, unproductive and unfit for cultivation or grazing D. Land reserved exclusively for wildlife

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Waste land is described as land that is not in use, unproductive and unfit for cultivation and grazing.

Q40. Which practice is associated with leaching during waste-land reclamation?

A. Adding more salt to the soil B. Removing all irrigation C. Burning the topsoil D. Applying excess water to remove salts from salt-affected soil

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation defines leaching as removal of salts from salt-affected soil by applying excess water.

Q41. Which item is identified as an e-waste source in the presentation?

A. Used computers, printers and mobile phones B. Fresh vegetables C. Rainwater tanks D. Timber from plantations

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation lists electronic equipment such as computers, printers, mobile phones and calculators as sources of e-waste.

Q42. Which action is one of the objectives of consumerism described in the presentation?

A. Reduce the rights of buyers B. Make manufacturers responsible for the product's entire life cycle C. Prevent reuse of products D. Increase unnecessary resource consumption

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation says consumerism should improve buyer rights and make manufacturers liable for the entire life cycle of products, including reuse and recycling.

Q43. Which Act is associated with preventing and controlling air pollution?

A. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 B. Forest Conservation Act, 1980 C. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 D. Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation identifies the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as the legislation for air pollution control.

Q44. What is a key aim of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980?

A. To increase urban sprawl B. To promote unrestricted use of forest land C. To regulate only household water use D. To arrest deforestation and regulate diversion of forest land

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation states that the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 aims to arrest deforestation and restrict diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes.

Q45. Which organization is explicitly mentioned as useful for creating environmental awareness?

A. NCC, NSS and Rotaract Club B. Only private banks C. Only transport companies D. Only sports clubs

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation recommends using voluntary organizations such as NCC, NSS and Rotaract Club to create environmental awareness.

Q46. What is the main objective of the Family Welfare Programme?

A. Increase fertility B. Slow population growth by reducing fertility and reduce pressure on natural resources C. Promote early marriages D. Increase resource exploitation

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation states that the Family Welfare Programme aims to slow population explosion by reducing fertility and reduce environmental pressure from over-exploitation.

Q47. Which practice is listed as a preventive measure for maintaining human health?

A. Ignoring food hygiene B. Avoiding physical exercise C. Drinking chemically treated and filtered water D. Using unclean water for drinking

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation recommends chemically treated and filtered water, hand washing, clean food and exercise among preventive measures.

Q48. What is the main purpose of value education described in the presentation?

A. To increase only technical skills B. To promote resource wastage C. To replace all formal education D. To guide behavior and help distinguish right from wrong

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Value education is described as an instrument for analyzing behavior and providing proper direction, including distinguishing right from wrong.

Q49. What does remote sensing mean in the context of the presentation?

A. Gathering information about an object without coming in contact with it B. Collecting data only by direct physical sampling C. Recording only population data D. Measuring only rainfall with ground gauges

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation defines remote sensing as a method of gathering information about an object without coming in contact with it.

Q50. Which Article of the Indian Constitution is identified in the presentation as providing equality before law?

A. Article 19 B. Article 14 C. Article 24 D. Article 25

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation states that Article 14 provides equality before law.